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lunes, 27 de mayo de 2013

La smartcity: ¿El lugar preciso en el momento equivocado?

La smart city: ¿el lugar preciso en el momento equivocado?

technicity
El pasado 20 de Mayo asistimos a un evento acerca de “Internet del futuro” en la sede de la SETSI en Madrid. Internet del Futuro es la iniciativa europea que trata de desarrollar y poner en valor infraestructuras tecnológicas sobre las que desarrollar aplicaciones que reduzcan en lo posible el desequilibrio que en el sector de Internet existe entre Estados Unidos y Europa. 130 Millones de Euros están disponibles para la fase 3 del programa. De ellos, 100 pueden ir a parar a las ciudades, reforzando así el desarrollo de la smart city.
En torno a este evento y a esta iniciativa nos vienen a la mente algunas reflexiones:
  • El modelo. La palabra de moda es citizentrismo: la smart city centrada en el ciudadano. No hay mejor manera de construir una smart city “con y para” la ciudadanía que comenzar por empoderar y capacitar a ésta. Sin embargo, emprendimiento y educación amenazan con dejar de ser competencias municipales. El citizentrismo en el diseño de ciudad inteligente corre el riesgo de quedarse como mero discurso exterior justificador de un enfoque tecnológico duro, o reducirse a ejercicios en que los ciudadanos ejerzan un muy limitado rol en el diseño de los servicios.
  • El posicionamiento de los países. Dejando al margen el modelo más o menos amable, ciudadano o tecnológico, el fenómeno de las smart cities arrasa en España. La foto muestra la dispersión geográfica de los estudiantes de uno de los cursos de más impacto en este área. Impresionante. España es el segundo país en términos absolutos tras Estados Unidos con más alumnado. Por otra parte, la primera fase del programa Internet del Futuro ha tenido protagonismo español: el 27% de la financiación ha sido destinado a entidades de nuestro país. Si esto anticipa una futura realidad, es para ser optimistas, pues no olvidemos que, por encima del enfoque, las smart cities tratan de resolver problemas serios como el de la sostenibilidad en la prestación de servicios esenciales, o nuestra huella medioambiental.
  • ¿Cómo se financia todo esto? Básicamente, de tres maneras. La primera, con fondos propios municipales. En la situación actual de penuria en las arcas municipales y de un estrecho corsé financiero a las ciudades por parte del Estado, no creemos que esta vía de financiación vaya más allá de pequeños programas puntuales. En segundo, con la pseudo-lotería de los proyectos europeos, si se permite la expresión. En este caso, Internet del Futuro en su fase 3 reparte 100 ME para 20 proyectos en toda Europa. Va a hacer falta mucho arte y bastante suerte para poder acceder a uno de ellos (conste, las ciudades no deberían renunciar por anticipado a intentarlo). Y tercero, en base a partenariados público-privados. Los contratos de las ciudades se están renovando, y hay oportunidades de financiar infraestructuras horizontales a través del ahorro de alguno de los servicios “verticales”. Animamos a las ciudades a explorar a fondo esta tercera posibilidad.
Para finalizar, varias claves para maximizar las probabilidades de éxito en la implantación y financiación de soluciones de ciudad inteligente:
  • Organismo interno que coordine las áreas municipales involucradas en proyectos de smart city, planteado siempre como un centro de recursos para dichas áreas y no como un invasor de competencias. La cooperación interna es imprescindible.
  • Poner en valor las infraestructuras más avanzadas de la ciudad: sus datos abiertos, sus redes, su redes de incubadoras o aceleradoras, su sistema de movilidad o de energía. Cada cual conoce sus puntos fuertes. Construir desde ellos.
  • Movilizar al ecosistema innovador (universidades, centros tecnológicos, clústeres, etc) tras el proyecto al máximo nivel. No es cuestión de protagonismo, sino de implicación. Desde afuera se aprecia la cooperación institucional y, a la inversa, su ausencia se detecta a primera vista, restando posibilidades de aplicar cualesquiera de los mecanismos de financiación arriba señalados.
  • Y en relación con lo anterior, las alianzas, a nivel geográfico, por supuesto (ciudad, comunidad autónoma y Europa) pero también a nivel sectorial, no olvidando el tejido económico y social de la ciudad y de su entorno. Y una alianza básica: con la ciudadanía; el principal factor de legitimación y, si nos creemos el citizentrismo, de innovación.
En definitiva, el fenómeno de las smart cities presenta oportunidades innegables para todos los actores importantes de la ciudad: empresas, instituciones y ciudadanía. Lo saben en Europa y lo saben las ciudades españolas. Sin embargo, una vez identificado el lugar donde vamos a econtrar las soluciones a los colosales desafíos del presente, podemos encontrarnos con la terrible paradoja de que, por una cuestión de falta de comprensión por parte de los estados del potencial de las ciudades, todo este caudal de oportunidades nos pille en el momento equivocado.

viernes, 24 de mayo de 2013

El Sareb lanzará su primera venta


Foto de familia de la Junta Directiva del Sareb
El Sareb, Sociedad de Gestión de Activos Inmobiliarios procedentes de la Reestructuración Bancaria, prepara su primera venta de inmuebles, en una operación denominada Proyecto Bull.
La sociedad pública contrató los servicios de la consultora KPMG para cerrar la venta de un grupo de casas situadas en Andalucía y Valencia, así como una serie de edificios inacabados. El banco malo, conocido oficialmente por el nombre de Sareb, espera recibir ofertas por unos 200 millones de euros.
Fondos de inversión como Apollo Global Managementde Leon Black o Colony Capital, gestora dirigida por Thomas Barrack podrían estar interesados en la compra con vistas a sacar beneficios del estallido de la burbuja inmobiliaria. El descenso de precios acumulado desde los máximos de 2007 en el mercado inmobiliario llega ya al 39%.

La Sareb recibió los activos con un fuerte descuento frente al valor en libros que constaba en las entidades nacionalizadas. En caso de los créditos el recorte fue del 46%. Pero el caso más acusado es el del suelo, donde la rebaja llegó al 80%.

Según ha comentado Lee Tyrrell-Hendry, analista del Royal Bank of Scotland, “Que la Sareb tenga éxito en su primera venta sería una señal para otros inversores de que hay una oportunidad en España, pero sigue siendo un gran escollo”, dado que “las previsiones económicas siguen siendo débiles”. A esto debe añadirse que Standard & Poor’s, entre otros, vaticina que los precios de los inmuebles españoles aún caerán otro 20% antes de estabilizarse.

Estractado de finanzas.com 23-5-2013 

Bankia y Sareb ofertan más de 2.000 pisos con descuentos de hasta el 32 %

Bankia y la Sociedad de Gestión de Activos procedentes de la Reestructuración Bancaria (Sareb) ofertarán hasta el 28 de mayo más de 2.000 viviendas procedentes de esta sociedad con descuentos de hasta el 32 % sobre su precio actual de venta.
El banco ha informado en una nota de prensa de que su sociedad inmobiliaria, Bankia Habitat, en colaboración con Sareb, celebrará entre el 22 y 28 de mayo la primera "semana inmobiliaria" en la que se pondrán a la venta inmuebles desde 45.000 euros.
Más de 300 de estos pisos están en la Comunidad de Madrid, unos 800 en la costa de la Comunidad Valenciana y 200 en Andalucía, también en el litoral. Entre ellos se incluyen primeras viviendas, pisos en la costa y una amplia oferta de obra nueva.
La semana se celebrará en la sede de la inmobiliaria Roan y los descuentos serán de hasta 150.000 euros en algunas de las viviendas, según afirma el banco.
Bankia Habitat es la sociedad que gestiona los activos inmobiliarios del Grupo BFA-Bankia, incluidos aquellos que traspasó a Sareb (conocida como "banco malo") para sanear su cartera de activos y reducir su exposición al riesgo inmobiliario.
Según los datos facilitados por la entidad, si se suman las subrogaciones provenientes de promotores y la desinversión en activos singulares (entre ellos suelo y promociones), que rondó las 9.000 unidades, el grupo se deshizo de unos de 14.600 activos inmobiliarios por un valor superior a 1.600 millones de euros.
Bankia Habitat vendió en 2012 más de 5.600 inmuebles procedentes de activos adjudicados, un 23,6% más que en el ejercicio anterior, y el banco ingresó 550 millones, lo que supone un incremento del 18,9%, según los datos facilitados por la entidad. EFECOM.

El Presidente de Bankia, José Ignacio Goirigolzarri. | Afp

Extractado de EuropaPress 23-5-2013 

Bankia ofrecerá inmuebles de la Sareb en la región con descuentos de hasta el 32%

El grupo BFA-Bankia, a través de su sociedad inmobiliaria Bankia Habitat, ofrecerá más de 2.000 inmuebles (300 de ellos en la Comunidad) que traspasó a la Sareb con descuentos de hasta el 32 por ciento sobre el precio inicial de venta, en el marco de la primera semana inmobiliaria con pisos en exclusiva del conocido como 'banco malo', que se celebrará entre el 22 y el 28 de mayo.

   Del total de inmuebles, más de 300 están situados en la Comunidad de Madrid, más de 800 en la costa de la Comunidad Valenciana y más de 200 en la de Andalucía.

   Esta iniciativa comercial, la primera que Bankia hace de forma conjunta con pisos en exclusiva de la Sareb, tendrá lugar en la oficina de la inmobiliaria Roan, con la que Bankia ha llegado a un acuerdo. En la selección de activos figuran pisos tanto para primera residencia como en costa desde 45.000 euros, así como viviendas de obra nueva.

   Por ejemplo, la entidad ofrecerá desde 92.000 euros pisos en el distrito madrileño de Carabanchel, o en el distrito de Vallecas desde 69.000 euros, con hasta un 25 por ciento de descuento. En Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) se pueden encontrar pisos desde 105.500 euros, con una rebaja de hasta el 25 por ciento, y en Getafe (Madrid), desde 181.000 euros, con un 14 por ciento de descuento.

REBAJAS DE HASTA 150.000 EUROS.

En cuanto a los situados en la costa, en Oropesa (Castellón) se incluyen inmuebles desde 48.500 euros, con un descuento de hasta el 25 por ciento. En Moncofar (Castellón), a 250 metros de la playa, hay pisos disponibles de dos y tres habitaciones desde 53.400 euros, con una rebaja de hasta el 25 por ciento.

En algunos inmuebles se producen rebajas de hasta 150.000 euros sobre el precio inicial de venta, como es el caso de un chalet en Villaviciosa de Odón (Madrid) por 187.000 euros. Existe, además, la oferta de un chalet en Punta Umbría (Huelva) por 357.000 euros, un precio inferior en más de 100.000 euros al inicial.
PRÉSTAMOS DE HASTA EL 80 por ciento DEL VALOR DE TASACIÓN. 

Para facilitar las ventas, Bankia ofrece además a los potenciales compradores financiación mediante un préstamo hipotecario por hasta el cien por cien de la inversión, con un límite del 80 por ciento del valor de tasación.

Bankia Habitat vendió en 2012 más de 5.600 inmuebles procedentes de activos adjudicados, un 23,6 por ciento más que en el ejercicio anterior. El banco ingresó 550 millones, lo que supone un incremento del 18,9 por ciento.

Si se suman las subrogaciones provenientes de promotores y la desinversión en activos singulares, entre ellos, suelo y promociones, que rondó las 9.000 unidades, la cifra de activos inmobiliarios en los que el grupo desinvirtió el pasado año supera las 14.600, por más de 1.600 millones de euros.



miércoles, 15 de mayo de 2013

Why Europeans increasingly dislike the EU but still love the euro

Counting on the euro—and the Germans—for protection. AP Photo/Clemens Bilan/dapd
Favorable-of-the-EU-2012-Favorable-of-the-EU-2013_chart (1)

And yet, Europeans still prefer the euro to their old national currencies:


Screen Shot 2013-05-13 at 5.41.56 PM
What explains this divergence? The poll’s authors point to a growing wedge between German public opinion and that in the rest of the EU. The French, like the Spaniards, Italians and Greeks, are becoming more pessimistic about the future and more convinced that unemployment is the continent’s most pressing problem. That is, they’re splitting off from their creditor, Germany, about the efficacy of Europe’s political institutions.

The fact that public opinion has not, however, turned against the euro itself is no accident. European economic integration is as much a political project concerned with the continent’s balance of power as it is an exercise in creating an optimal currency union. As Neil Irwin notes in his book on recent financial crises, The Alchemists, the French only supported the reunification of East and West Germany on the condition that Germany join a supranational currency.

What these polls imply, then, is that the peripheral economies believe that Germany and the European institutions will feel bound to promote recovery within the framework of the single currency. Put more simply, they are counting on bailouts. The danger, however, is that, as Matthew O’Brien warns, “the politics will turn against the common currency long before that.”

On a lighter note, Pew also came up with a revealing chart of European stereotypes. Germany clearly occupies a special place in everyone’s heart, but our kudos go to Italy as the only country not to pick itself for “least arrogant”—and the only one to pick itself as “least trustworthy.”

Screen Shot 2013-05-13 at 5.57.33 PM

martes, 14 de mayo de 2013

What Exactly Is A Smart City?

Having worked in the smart cities space for several years now, I am encouraged by the growth of the sector and the pace of technological advancements being developed for urban environments. However, I believe that the smart-cities movement is being held back by a lack of clarity and consensus around what a smart city is and what the components of a smart city actually are.
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While some people continue to take a narrow view of smart cities by seeing them as places that make better use of information and communication technology (ICT), the cities I work with (and most of the participants in the #smartchat, a monthly Twitterchat about smart cities held on the first Wednesday of each month) all view smart cities as a broad, integrated approach to improving the efficiency of city operations, the quality of life for its citizens, and growing the local economy.

Later this year, I’ll publish my annual rankings of smart cities here on Co.Exist. In order to improve them, I have been working on a new rubric for smart cities, that I call the Smart Cities Wheel.
The Smart Cities Wheel.





This model has been inspired by the work of many others, including the Center of Regional Science at Vienna University of Technology, Siemens’ work with the Green City Index, and Buenos Aires’ “Modelo Territorial” among others.

Most cities can agree that there is real value in having a smart economy, smart environmental practices, smart governance, smart living, smart mobility, and smart people. Within each of these aspirational goals, I have included three key drivers to achieving the goal. There are over 100 indicators to help cities track their performance with specific actions developed for specific needs.
Let’s walk through a high-level example of how a real city could use the Smart Cities Wheel to develop and implement a smart cities strategy.
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Step 1: Create a Vision with Citizen Engagement
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Vancouver’s Mayor Robertson, and many before him, have sought to take leadership in the green cities arena. Mayor Robertson and his Greenest City Action Team engaged 30,000+ citizens in a process designed to establish a 2020 goal for the city. The city used “social media and digital technologies to spark citizen-led public-engagement activities like kitchen table discussions at private homes, online discussion forums and workshops at community centres,” according to Straight.com. I participated in this process, including speaking on the plan’s behalf to the Vancouver City Council.

The result is the Greenest City 2020 Action Plan, which has set a clear goal for the city to become the greenest in the world by 2020. Vancouver aspires to lead the world in at least one of the six aspirational goals of the Smart City Wheel (Smart Enviro).

Smart cities would also make use of the latest technology to acquire citizen input, like CivicPlus, which offers a range of software and mobile tools for cities to communicate and engage citizens in a dialog about city projects (Castle Rock, Colorado used CivicPlus to get input on the plans for a new city park).
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Step 2: Develop Baselines, Set Targets, and Choose Indicators
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Before creating numerical targets for achieving a smart city vision, it is helpful to actually benchmark where you are. Let’s take Smart Mobility as an example. The Smart Cities Wheel has three key drivers for Smart Mobility: mixed-modal access; prioritized clean and non-motorized options; and integrated ICT.
Each city has its own mobility needs and challenges based on density, topography, existing infrastructure, etc., and while they can learn from each other, cities must develop their own benchmarks and targets around areas of need and opportunity.
It is impossible to overlook Copenhagen’s efforts to promote and prioritize cycling. In 1981 the city developed its first cycling plan and it has been evolving its cycling and mixed-modal goals since 2002.
Before establishing a forward-looking target, cities must establish the baseline. Copenhagen has been measuring cycling and mixed modal use for decades. Now the city has a target indicator: to achieve 50% of all trips to work or school by bike by 2015. The city has been making significant progress towards this goal, having already achieved 37% in 2009. Copenhagen also recently collaborated with MIT to create The Copenhagen Wheel, a hybrid bike wheel that leverages sensors in a bike wheel to monitor pollution, traffic congestion, and road conditions in real time. This is an example of an action within the other smart mobility driver--integrated ICT.
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Step 3: Go Lean
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In a previous post, I discussed how cities could and should embrace lean startup principles. Once a city has established quantifiable goals and selected the indicators to measure its progress, it needs to snag some early wins while also building plans for longer-term actions.
The journey to becoming a smart city will stall without a major commitment to supporting efficient, multi-modal transit. Electric vehicles and the appropriate infrastructure appear in many smart-city strategies. However, few places have the resources or demand to install EV charging stations throughout the city. It makes sense for a city to start with a pilot project as a way to get feedback on their hypothesis that by putting charging stations in a particular location, the stations will be used and will actually grow the amount of EV vehicle purchases by citizens living or working in the area.

Toronto just announced a pilot charging station program at a cost of $65,000 to the city. Councillor Mike Layton recognizes the benefits of this small-scale action: “We all know that this is the direction that singular vehicle transport is going in," said Layton in the National Post. "Why we wouldn’t at least try out something at very limited cost to the city, to get ready for the revolution that is going to happen, is beyond me.”

Smart cities are not one size fits all. Yet, the smart-cities movement could benefit from frameworks like the Smart Cities Wheel that allow a common language to develop amongst citizens, city staff, mayors, and the private sector.


Before you start pushing for smarter cities, it helps to know exactly what you’re advocating for.

The Top 10 Smart Cities On The Planet

Last year, I spent considerable time researching best practices for climate resilient cities--an endeavor that culminated in what I believe was the first ever global ranking of resilient cities. Now, after extensive research on smart cities initiatives around the globe, I have developed what may be the first ever global rankings of smart cities. 
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A note on methodology: There are many other rankings that are relevant to this conversation. I leveraged about a dozen global and regional rankings of smart-city components in order to develop a global ranking of smart cities. I took into account the Innovation Cities Top 100 Index from 2thinknow to get a fair comparison of the level of innovation in top global cities. I also used more well-known rankings of the quality of life of cities, as well as the Siemens regional rankings of green cities, the digital city rankings of Digital Community for cities in the U.S. (indicated as DC in the table), and the IDC rankings of smart cities in Spain (indicated as IDC in the table). Finally, I used the digital governance in municipalities worldwide study to compare cities on their innovative use of ICT. I am including a table which summarizes the rankings used to develop this first global ranking of smart cities. The term "smart cities" is a bit ambiguous. Some people choose a narrow definition--i.e. cities that use information and communication technologies to deliver services to their citizens. I prefer a broader definition: Smart cities use information and communication technologies (ICT) to be more intelligent and efficient in the use of resources, resulting in cost and energy savings, improved service delivery and quality of life, and reduced environmental footprint--all supporting innovation and the low-carbon economy.
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THE TOP 10 SMART CITIES:
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1.) Vienna. This came as a bit of a surprise to me, as going into the research I had not heard much about Vienna as a smart city. But Vienna was the only city that ranked in the top 10 in every category: innovation city (5), regional green city (4), quality of life (1) and digital governance (8). Vienna is establishing bold smart-city targets and tracking their progress to reach them, with programs like the Smart Energy Vision 2050, Roadmap 2020, and Action Plan 2012-2015. Vienna’s planners are incorporating stakeholder consultation processes into building and executing carbon reduction, transportation and land-use planning changes in the hopes of making the city a major European player in smart city technologies.
Image by Yaisog Bonegnasher, licenced under CC BY-SA 2.0
2.) Toronto. The highest rated smart city in North America, Toronto also scores pretty well across the board. Recognizing its importance in the movement, IBM recently opened a Business Analytics Solutions Center in Toronto. Toronto is also an active member of the Clinton 40 (C40) megacities, which seek to transition to the low-carbon economy. The private sector in Toronto is collaborating too, creating a Smart Commute Toronto initiative in the hopes of increasing transit efficiency in the metro area. Toronto also recently began using natural gas from landfills to power the city’s garbage trucks. That’s smart closed-loop thinking.
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                                             Toronto más de 100 etnias

3.) Paris. As is typical of sustainability-related rankings, Europe fared well. Paris was highly rated in several categories including innovation (3), green cities in Europe (10), and digital governance (11). Paris was already on the world map for its highly successful bike sharing program, Velib, and just last month, the mayor launched a similar model for small EVs called Autolib, which currently has 250 rental stations.
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                                eiffel_tour_0

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4.) New York. New York scored higher than most other cities in the ranking in all of the categories outside of quality of life, where it ranked a miserable 47th. New York partnered with IBM in 2009 to launch the IBM Business Analytics Solution Center to address “the growing demand for the complex capabilities needed to build smarter cities and help clients optimize all manner of business processes and business decisions.” In New York, IBM is already helping the city prevent fires and protect first responders as well as identify questionable tax refund claims--a move that is expected to save the city about $100 million over a five-year period.
Images: Venturebeat
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5.) London. The UK capital also scored relatively high across the board. London has been well-recognized for some of its sustainability innovations (i.e. congestion tax) and its robust transit system. The city will soon be home to Smart Cities research center housed at Imperial College, which will leverage transport, government, business, academic and consumer data in hopes of making the city more efficient and innovative. Just the other day, London announced a partnership with O2 to launch the largest free Wi-Fi network in Europe.
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London view
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6.) Tokyo. Tokyo is the first Asian city on this list, scoring well in the innovation (22) and digital city (15) categories. Last year, the city announced plans to create a smart town in the suburbs. In partnership with Panasonic, Accenture, and Tokyo Gas (among others), the eco-burb will contain homes that integrate solar panels, storage batteries, and energy efficient appliances all connected to a smart grid. Tokyo is also focused on promoting smart mobility solutions.
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7.) Berlin. Berlin also performs well across the board, with good scores in innovation (14), green-ness (8th in Europe) and quality of life (17). In collaboration with Vattenfall, BMW, and others, Berlin is testing out vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies in the hopes of creating a virtual power plant from electric vehicles.
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http://www.eu-smartcities.eu/sites/all/files/styles/carousel_home/public/city2.jpg
www.eu-smartcities.eu
8.) Copenhagen. Lately, it seems Copenhagen has been doing a lot right. It was rated number one on the green scale in Europe by Siemens and also achieved number one ranking in my global resilient cities ranking last year. All with good reason: Copenhagen is taking a real leadership role on sustainable innovation. The city has committed to carbon neutrality by 2025 and 40% of its citizens regularly commute via bicycle. Furthermore, I was quite impressed with the way their mayor, Frank Jensen, recently articulated the role of cities as growth engines and the potential to stimulate the economy through cleantech innovation. 
                              

9.) Hong Kong. Hong Kong scored quite well in key areas, including the digital governance ranking (3). However, its quality-of-life score (70) dropped the city down to ninth in my ranking of smart cities. Hong Kong is experimenting with RFID technology in its airport, as well as throughout the agriculture supply chain. The city has also been a leader in the use and adoption of smart cards, which are already used by millions of residents for services like public transit, library access, building access, shopping, and car parks.
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                                     Barcelona Hong Kong Smart City


10.) Barcelona. Barcelona was recently ranked the number two smart city in Spain in the IDC report, and with good reason. The city is a pioneer in smart city and low-carbon solutions. It was among the first in the world to introduce a solar thermal ordinance about a decade ago, recently launched the LIVE EV project to promote the adoption of EVs and charging infrastructure, and the city also recently announced a major partnership to develop a living lab for smart-city innovation.
Barcelona avanza en la creación del primer Centro SmartCity en el distrito 22@
Fuente: www.inmodiario.com

There were many other strong candidates which are runners-up in this first ranking, including Amsterdam, Melbourne, Seattle, São Paulo, Stockholm, and Vancouver.

Pundits and industry insiders expect smart cities to become a sizable market, with projections of nearly $40 billion spent on smart-cities technologies by 2016. And real estate experts predict that smart cities will in the future be attractive to the educated work force and will therefore become real-estate gold. All reasons enough to get on the smart-city bandwagon. Who knows? Maybe next year your city could crack the top 10 rankings.



Before you start pushing for smarter cities, it helps to know exactly what you’re advocating for.